Considering that also Ukraine has an Association Agreement/DCFTA with the EU, what are the expectations for the use of EUR.1 certificate in preferential trade between Moldova and Ukraine? For example, would it be possible in Moldova to apply preferences for Ukraine originating goods, exported from Ukraine with a EUR.1 certificate?

The use of EUR.1 certificate between Ukraine and Moldova will be possible when the legal base for this is created, for example by adoption in the free trade agreement (FTA) between both countries of the rules of origin in the Pan-Euro-Mediterranean (PEM) Convention. The introduction of PEM rules of origin in the bilateral agreement would also link the FTAs which Moldova and Ukraine have with other countries of the PEM zone, such as the EU. The same is also valid in respect of preferential trade with Georgia, which has recently joined the PEM Convention.

As the matter involves an amendment of international agreements, which takes time, the use of EUR.1 in trade between Moldova and Ukraine cannot be expected in the near future. At present, preferences cannot be granted neither for Ukrainian goods imported in Moldova, nor for Moldovan goods imported in Ukraine, on the bases of EUR.1 certificate issued in either of the two countries, or in the EU.

It is also not possible to recognize EU preferential origin in bilateral trade between Moldova and Ukraine.